Reducing Anger

Have you ever felt a flame of anger igniting when you were provoked—and wished you could keep your cool instead?  New research has a trick that can help do just that.

The trick is to pretend that you have stepped back and are seeing the situation from a distance, as though you are an observer instead of a participant.  From this more distant spot you can look at your feelings.

“Self-distancing” is the term researchers at Ohio State University and the University of Michigan gave to the technique.  The findings of two related experiments were published online in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.

“The secret is to not get immersed in your own anger and, instead, have a more detached view,” says Dominik Mischkowski, an Ohio State graduate student and lead author of the research.  “You have to see yourself in this stressful situation as a fly on the wall would see it.”  Mischkowski says the self-distancing approach helped people regulate their angry feelings and also reduced their aggressive thoughts.

Other studies have shown that self-distancing can minimize how angry and aggressive people feel when aggravated, but this research shows that the technique can be learned quickly and can work in the heat of the moment, when people are most likely to act aggressively.

Student participants were provoked to anger in a series of situations, then were assigned to a control group, to visualize the situation again, or to imagine the scene from a distance.  Their levels of aggression were then measured when given the opportunity to retaliate to those who provoked them.

“If you focus too much on how you’re feeling, it usually backfires.  It keeps the aggressive thoughts and feelings active in your mind, which makes it more likely that you’ll act aggressively,” says Brad J. Bushman, a professor of communication and psychology at Ohio State and one of the study’s co-authors.

Another technique sometimes suggested is to use distraction when angered.  Mischkowski says that although this may work in the moment, the anger will return when the person is no longer distracted.  “But self-distancing really works, even right after a provocation.  It is a powerful intervention tool that anyone can use when they’re angry.”  

This article was originally published in Pathways Physician & Health Professional Bulletin - Issue 25.  To download this issue in PDF format, or past issues, visit our newsletter archives online at www.pathwayshealth.org/publications.

Hospice Impacts Spouses' Survival: Live Longer

Using hospice not only benefits patients, there is some evidence that it may help surviving widows and widowers live longer.

Some time ago researchers at Harvard Medical School and the University of Pennsylvania Department of Medicine examined death rates of surviving spouses of 195,553 elderly American couples.  The premise was that the 30,838 people who used hospice had “good deaths” that were less stressful for their spouses and would result in living longer.

The results of the matched retrospective cohort study suggest that the supportive end-of-life care provided by hospice has a beneficial impact on spouses.  “Hospice may attenuate the ordinarily increased mortality associated with becoming widowed,” concluded authors Nicholas Christakis and Theodore Iwashyna.  The results were statistically significant in both men and women.

After adjusting for variables, 5.4% of bereaved women died by 18 months after the death of their husbands when hospice was not used compared with 4.9% when hospice had been used.  Of the surviving husbands, 13.7% died within 18 months when their wives had not had hospice care compared with 13.2% when their wives died with hospice.

The support of hospice care appears to not only improve quality of life for patients, but reduces the stress on survivors to the extent that they live longer.   

For more information see Social Science & Medicine, 2003, vol. 57, issue 3, pages 465-475.

This article was originally published in Pathways Physician & Health Professional Bulletin - Issue 25.  To download this issue in PDF format, or past issues, visit our newsletter archives online at www.pathwayshealth.org/publications.

Managing Stress

Set Worries Down

The instructor of a stress management class walked into the room holding out a half glass of water. Everyone in the class thought they knew what was coming: “Is the glass half full or half empty?”

But the instructor surprised the students by asking with a smile, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is?”  People called out answers ranging from 6 ounces to 20 ounces.

The teacher replied, “It changes.  It depends on how long I hold it—the absolute weight doesn’t matter.  If I hold it a minute, it is light.  If I hold it an hour, it is heavy and I will have an ache in my arm.  If I hold it for a day, it will be too heavy to lift and I will drop it. 

“It seems the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes.  If, however, I set it down when it feels heavy and rest a while, I have the strength to hold it again.

“It is the same way with stress,” she said.  “If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, the burden becomes too heavy and we won’t be able to carry on.

“Just like with the glass of water, you have to put down your burdens for a while and rest before shouldering them again.  When you are refreshed, you will be able to take up the burden, stronger again.”

So, put aside your burdens whenever you can; they will still be there after you have rested and you will be able to carry on as strong as ever.

This article was originally published in Pathways Residential Care Journal - Issue 4.  To download this issue in PDF format, or past issues, visit our newsletter archives online at www.pathwayshealth.org/publications.